DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Querying Relational Databases Relational Algebra SQL (in some depth) Contraints Attribute and tuple constraints Referential Integrity General constraints (assertions) Triggers Universal Modeling Language (for conceptual database design) Relational Design Theory Functional Dependencies Normal Forms Design by Decomposition Views Indexing Transactions Non-relational JSON Data mining (e.g., association rules)
Shantha Kumar . V
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
There are two main types of software: systems software and application software. Systems software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS). System software is a software that provides platform to other softwares. Some examples can be operating systems, antivirus softwares, disk formating softwares, Computer language translators etc. These are commonly prepared by the computer manufacturers. These softwares consists of programs written in low-level languages, used to interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between the hardware and the end users. The most important features of system software include : 1. Closeness to the system 2. Fast speed 3. Difficult to manipulate 4. Written in low level language 5. Difficult to design Operating System An operating system (OS) is a type of system software that manages computer’s hardware and software resources. It provides common services for computer programs. An OS acts a link between the software and the hardware. It controls and keeps a record of the execution of all other programs that are present in the computer, including application programs and other system software. The most important tasks performed by the operating system are 1. Memory Management: The OS keeps track of the primary memory and allocates the memory when a process requests it. 2. Processor Management: Allocates the main memory (RAM) to a process and de-allocates it when it is no longer required. 3. File Management: Allocates and de-allocates the resources and decides who gets the resources. 4. Security: Prevents unauthorized access to programs and data by means of passwords. 5. Error-detecting Aids: Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error-detecting methods. 6. Scheduling: The OS schedules process through its scheduling algorithms. Compiler : A compiler is a software that translates the code written in one language to some other language without changing the meaning of the program. The compiler is also said to make the target code efficient and optimized in terms of time and space. A compiler performs almost all of the following operations during compilation: preprocessing, lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis (syntax-directed translation), conversion of input programs to an intermediate representation, code optimization and code generation. Examples of compiler may include gcc(C compiler), g++ (C++ Compiler ), javac (Java Compiler) etc.
COMPUTER NETWORKS
History of Internet This will just help you gain interest and answer a very common question popping up once you start learning networking - "Why am I even learning this?" Also, during this, focus on the technologies being used for networking during that time. Eg. the time of ARPANET and MILNET. 2. Message transmission protocols - TCP and UDP These form the base of message transmissions. You cannot go ahead without understanding these topics. 3. Understand IPv4 addressing 4. Domain Name Server (DNA) -Forward Look-up -Reverse Look-up -Zones -Resource Mapping 5. Types of Communication Networks This will include Wired communication and wireless communication. Also, try to focus more on satellite communication as this technology is at a boost right now! 6. Data - Flow in netwokrs Packet-Switching mechanism Circuit-Switching mechanism This will explain you how the data is broken down into multiple pieces and then transmitted across the network. Also, once received, how it is checked and combined to form the original message. Learn processes like Multiplexing, De-Multiplexing, FHSS, BSSS, etc. is important as they are/have been used in many communication technologies since a long itme now. 8. The 7-Layered OSI Model 9. Technologies like ATM, SONET, X.25 10. Understand how a router, modem, bus and bridge works in a network. 11. Understand IPv6 (the new generation) addressing 12. Install tools/softwares which will help you buld your own networks and test them virtually before actual implementation.
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
metal cutting , metal removing process, types of metal cutting process, orthogonal cutting oblique cutting cutting tools types of machine tools types of rake angle tool signature chip formation mechanism of metal cutting types of chips chip breakers merchant circle diagram of forces cutting tool materials classification of tool users tool life factors affecting tool life cutting fluids
software engineering
usecase diagram activity diagram class diagram sequence diagram collaboration diagram merits demerits hardware requirement software requirement project description software design software design for verification of the verification of the details of the student by the
MACHINE DESIGN
Mechanical Design or Machine Design is one of the important branches of Engineering Design. To understand what exactly machine design or mechanical design is let us consider the example of the gear box of the car. The gear box transmits the motion and the power of the engine to the wheels of the vehicle. The gearbox comprises group of gears which are subjected to not only motion but also the load of the vehicle. For the gears to run at desired speeds and take desired loads it is important that they should be designed. During designing various calculations are performed considering desired speeds and loads and finally the gear of particular material and specific dimensions that can take all loads and that can be manufactured at least possible cost giving optimum performance is designed. In similar fashion all the components of the car, including engine, have to be designed so that they optimally meet all the functional requirements at lowest possible cost. This whole process of designing is called as machine design or mechanical design.
WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
As a starting point for the study of hydrology it is useful to consider the hydrological cycle. This is a conceptual model of how water moves around between the earth and atmosphere in different states as a gas, liquid or solid. As with any conceptual model it contains many gross simplifications; these are discussed in this section. There are different scales that the hydrological cycle can be viewed at, but it is helpful to start at the large global scale and then move to the smaller hydrological unit of a river basin or catchment
SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Adsorption: Surface Tension, Capillary Action, Adsorption, Types of Adsorption, Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm, Freundlich's Adsorption Isotherm, Langmuir's Adsorption Isotherm and Its Limitations, BET Adsorption Isotherm and Its Applications, Heat of Adsorption, Estimation of Surface Areas of Solids from Solution Adsorption Studies
THEORY OF MECHANICS
Mechanics (Greek μηχανική) is that area of science concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment. The scientific discipline has its origins in Ancient Greece with the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes[1][2][3] (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics. It is a branch of classical physics that deals with particles that are either at rest or are moving with velocities significantly less than the speed of light. It can also be defined as a branch of science which deals with the motion of and forces on objects. The field is yet less widely understood in terms of quantum theory.
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES BASICS AND APPLICATIONS
1. Aviation History and Overview of UAV systems 2. Classes and Missions of UAVs 3. Definitions and Terminology 4. UAV fundamentals • The Bug could fly nearly 40 mi at 55 mi/h and carry 180 lb of high explosives. The air vehicle was guided to the target by preset controls and had detachable wings that were released when over the target allowing the fuselage to plunge to the ground as a bomb. • In 1917, Lawrence Sperry developed a UAV, similar to Kettering’s, for the Navy called the Sperry-Curtis Aerial Torpedo. • Professor Archibald Montgomery Low developed the first data link and solved interference problems caused by the UAV engine. His first UAVs crashed, but on September 3, 1924, he made the world’s first successful radio controlled flight. • In 1933, the British flew three refurbished Fairey Queen biplanes by remote control from a ship - Great Britain the first country to fully appreciate the value of UAVs 5. Examples of UAV systems-very small , small, Medium and Large UAV
electrical machine -1 - part 2
Electromechanical Energy conversion, forces and torque in magnetic field systems – energy balance, energy and force in a singly excited magnetic field system, determination of magnetic force , coenergy, multi excited magnetic field systems. DC Generators – Principle of operation, Action of commutator, constructional features, armature windings, lap and wave windings, simplex and multiplex windings, use of laminated armature, E. M.F. Equation, Methods of Excitation: separately excited and self excited generators, build up of E.M.F., critical field resistance and critical speed , causes for failure to self excite and remedial measures, Armature reaction: Cross magnetizing and demagnetizing AT/pole, compensating winding, commutation, reactance voltage, methods of improving commutation Load characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators, parallel operation of DC generators, use of equalizer bar and cross connection of field windings, load sharing. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Transformers: Single phase transformer, Constructional details, Core, windings, Insulation, principle of operation, emf equation, magnetising current and core losses, no load and on load operation, Phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, losses and efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency, voltage regulation, approximate expression for voltage regulation, open circuit and short circuit tests, Sumpner’s test, Inrush of switching currents, harmonics in single phase transformers, magnetizing current wave form, Parallel operation of transformers. MODULE-III (10 HOURS) DC Motors: Principle of operation, Back E.M.F., Torque equation, characteristics and application of shunt, series and compound motors, Armature reaction and commutation, Starting of DC motor, Principle of operation of 3 point and 4 point starters, drum controller, Constant & Variable losses, calculation of efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency.
electronics circuit
MODULE-I Diode circuit: Load line concept, clipping circuits, comparators, sampling gate, rectifiers, capacitive filters, additional diode circuit. Transistor: the junction transistor, transistor as an amplifier, transistor construction, the CE configuration, the CB configuration, the CE cut-off and saturation region, common emitter current gain, the common collector configuration, analytical expression for transistor characteristics, the phototransistor. Transistor at low frequency: Graphical analysis of the CE model, two-port model and hybrid model, transistor hybrid model, the h-parameter, analysis of transistor amplifier circuit using hparameter, the emitter follower, miller’s theorem and its duality, cascading transistor amplifiers, simplified CE and CC configuration. MODULE-II (10 Lectures) Junction FET and its V-I characteristics, FET small signal model, FET biasing, MOSFET, FET as a voltage-variable resistor (VVR), CD amplifier, the hybrid-pi CE transistor model, hybrid-pi conductance and capacitance, validity of hybrid-pi model, variation of hybrid-pi parameters, the CE short-circuit current gain, current gain with resistive load, single stage CE transistor amplifier response, emitter follower at high frequency. Classification of amplifier, distortion in amplifier, frequency response of amplifier, bode plots, step response of amplifier, band pass of cascade stages, the RC coupled amplifier, high frequency response of two cascaded CE transistor stages. MODULE-III (10 Lectures) Classification of amplifier, feedback concept, transfer gain, negative feedback, input-output resistance, method of analysis of a feedback amplifier, voltage- series, voltage-shunt, currentseries and current shunt feedback, effect of feedback on bandwidth, double and three pole transfer function with feedback, approximation analysis of multi-pole feedback, voltage-series, voltage-shunt, current- series and current-shunt frequency response, stability, gain and phase margin, compensation, different type of oscillator, frequency stability. MODULE-IV (10 Lectures) The basic operational amplifier (OPAMP), differential amplifier and its transfer characteristics, emitter coupled differential amplifier, IC-OPAMP, offset error voltage and current, temperature drift of input offset voltage and current, measurement of OPAMP parameter and its frequency response, different type of OPAMP compensation and its step response. Basic OPAMP application, differential DC amplifier, AC amplifier, analog integrator and differentiator, active filter, resonant band-pass filter, delay equalizer, comparators, sample-hold circuit, AC/DC convertors, logarithmic amplifier, Schmitt trigger, ECL, TTL and 555-timer.