Shantha Kumar . V

Be confident,Be powerful,Motivate urslf to be best

Student at Paavai Engineering College

Studied at Our lady's higher secondary school

Skilled in C++ PROGRAMMING, MYSQL, C PROGRAMMING

SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

Protective Devices: Philosophy of protection, Nature, Causes and consequences of faults, Zone of protection, Requirements of a protective scheme, Basic terminology components of protection scheme. Relay classification, Principle of different types of electromagnetic relay. General equation of phase and magnitude comparators, Duality of comparators, Electromagnetic relays, over current relays Directional relays, Distance relay- impedance, Reactance and Mho type, Differential relays. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Feeder: Protection: Over current and earth fault protection, Distance protection, Pilot wire protection, Carrier current protection. Generator Protection: Biased differential protection, restricted earth fault protection, Field suppression, Negative sequence protection, Earth fault detection in rotor circuit Power transformer Protection: Biased differential protections, restricted earth fault protection, Buchholz relay Protection of combined transformer and alternator. Bus Zone Protection: frame leakage and circulating current scheme-use of Translay relay. MODULE-III (10 HOURS) Circuit Breakers: Formation of arc during circuit breaking. Characteristics of electric arc. Theories of arc Interruption. Recovery and restriking voltage, interruption of capacitive and inductive currents. Current chopping. Principle of A.C. and D.C. circuit breaking requirements of good circuit breaker circuit breaker rating. Different types of circuit breakers. Air break and Air blast circuit breaker. Plain break and controlled break all circuit breakers. Minimum oil circuit breakers. Vacuum circuit breaker, SF6 circuit breaker. D.C. Circuit breaker. H.R.C. Fuse: Construction and characteristics MODULE-IV (10 HOURS) Static Relays : Development and classification of static relays, Different types of phase and amplitude capacitors, Basic static relays used in protective scheme, Elementary idea about digital & numerical protection. Testing and maintenance of protective gear, Protection against surge-surge absorber, Surge-diverter. Arrangement of Bus bar, Circuit breaker and isolator. Current limiting reactors in power system and their arrangement calculation of fault MVA for symmetrical short circuits. Circuit breaker capacity.

Renewable Energy Sources

MODULE-I (10 HOURS) Energy Scenario: Classification of Energy Sources, Energy resources (Conventional and nonconventional), Energy needs of India, and energy consumption patterns. Worldwide Potentials of these sources. Energy efficiency and energy security. Energy and its environmental impacts, Distributed generation. Solar Energy: Solar thermal Systems: Types of collectors, Collection systems, efficiency calculations, applications. Photo voltaic (PV) technology: Present status, solar cells, cell technologies, characteristics of PV systems, equivalent circuit, array design , building integrated PV system, its components , sizing and economics. Peak power operation. Standalone and grid interactive systems. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Wind Energy: Wind speed and power relation, power extracted from wind, wind distribution and wind speed predictions. Wind power systems: system components, Types of Turbine, Turbine rating. Choice of generators, turbine rating, electrical load matching, Variable speed operation, maximum power operation, control systems, system design features, stand alone and grid connected operation. Small Hydro Systems

electrical machine - 2 -2

The induction machine was invented by NIKOLA TESLA in 1888. Right from its inception its ease of manufacture and its robustness have made it a very strong candidate for electromechanical energy conversion. It is available from fractional horsepower ratings to megawatt levels. It finds very wide usage in all various application areas. The induction machine is an AC electromechanical energy conversion device. The machine interfaces with the external world through two connections (ports) one mechanical and one electrical. The mechanical port is in the form of a rotating shaft and the electrical port is in the form of terminals where AC supply is connected. There are machines available to operate from three phase or single phase electrical input. In this module we will be discussing the three phase induction machine. Single phase machines are restricted to small power levels.

electrical machine - 2

The induction machine was invented by NIKOLA TESLA in 1888. Right from its inception its ease of manufacture and its robustness have made it a very strong candidate for electromechanical energy conversion. It is available from fractional horsepower ratings to megawatt levels. It finds very wide usage in all various application areas. The induction machine is an AC electromechanical energy conversion device. The machine interfaces with the external world through two connections (ports) one mechanical and one electrical. The mechanical port is in the form of a rotating shaft and the electrical port is in the form of terminals where AC supply is connected. There are machines available to operate from three phase or single phase electrical input. In this module we will be discussing the three phase induction machine. Single phase machines are restricted to small power levels.

signals and system

MODULE-I (10 HOURS) Introduction of Signals, Classification of Signals, General Signal Characteristics, Signal energy & Power, Continuous-Time Signals , Discrete-Time Signals Basic System Properties, Systems with and without memory, Invertibility, casuality, Stability, Time invariance, Linearity, Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems, Discrete Time LTI Systems, Convolution Representation of Linear Time-Invariant Discrete-Time Systems Convolution of Discrete-Time Signals Convolution Representation of Linear Time-Invariant Continuous-Time Systems Convolution of Continuous-Time Signals, Properties of LTI Systems, Casual systems MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Fourier Representations for Signals: Representation of Discrete Time Periodic signals, Continuous Time Periodic Signals, Discrete Time Non Periodic Signals, Continuous Time Non-Periodic Signals, Properties of Fourier Representations, Frequency Response of LTI Systems, Fourier Transform representation for Periodic and discrete time Signals, Sampling, reconstruction, Discrete Time Processing of Continuous Time Signals, Fourier Series representation for finite duration Nonperiodic signals.

microprocessor and microcontroller

1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: A microprocessor is a programmable electronics chip that has computing and decision making capabilities similar to central processing unit of a computer. Any microprocessor-based systems having limited number of resources are called microcomputers. Nowadays, microprocessor can be seen in almost all types of electronics devices like mobile phones, printers, washing machines etc. Microprocessors are also used in advanced applications like radars, satellites and flights. Due to the rapid advancements in electronic industry and large scale integration of devices results in a significant cost reduction and increase application of microprocessors and their derivatives. Fig.1 Microprocessor-based system  Bit: A bit is a single binary digit.  Word: A word refers to the basic data size or bit size that can be processed by the arithmetic and logic unit of the processor. A 16-bit binary number is called a word in a 16-bit processor.  Bus: A bus is a group of wires/lines that carry similar information.  System Bus: The system bus is a group of wires/lines used for communication between the microprocessor and peripherals.  Memory Word: The number of bits that can be stored in a register or memory element is called a memory word.  Address Bus: It carries the address, which is a unique binary pattern used to identify a memory location or an I/O port. For example, an eight bit address bus has eight lines and thus it can address 28 = 256 different locations. The locations in hexadecimal format can be written as 00H – FFH.

high voltage engineering

MODULE-I (10 HOURS) Conduction and breakdown in gases: Gases as insulating media, Ionisation processes. Townsend current growth equation. Current growth in the presence of secondary processes. Townsend’s criterion for breakdown. Experimental determination of ionization coefficients. Breakdown in electronegative gases, time lags for breakdown, streamer theory of breakdown in gases, Paschen’s law, Breakdown in non-uniform field and corona discharges, Post breakdown phenomena and applications, practical considerations in using gases for insulation purposes. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Conduction and breakdown in liquid dielectrics: Pure liquids and commercial liquids, conduction and breakdown in pure liquids. Breakdown in solid dielectrics: Introduction, Intrinsic brakdown. Electromechanical breakdown, Thermal breakdown.. Breakdown of solid dielectrics in practice. MODULE-III (10 HOURS) Generation of high voltage and currents: Generation of high D.C, voltages, Generation of high alternating voltages, Generation of Impulse voltages. Tripping and control of impulse generators. Generation of Impulse currents. Measurements of high voltages and currents: Measurement of high D.C. voltages. Measurement of high D.C. and impulse voltages. Introduction.. Measurement of high D.C. A.C. and impulse currents, cathode ray oscillographs for impulse voltages and currents measurements.

power system

MODULE- I Philosophy of Protection The purpose of an Electric Power System is to generate and supply electrical energy to consumers. The power system should be designed and managed to deliver this energy to the utilization points with both reliability and economically The capital investment involved in power system for the generation, transmission and distribution is so great that the proper precautions must be taken to ensure that the equipment not only operates as nearly as possible to peak efficiency, but also must be protected from accidents The normal path of the electric current is from the power source through copper (or aluminium) conductors in generators, transformers and transmission lines to the load and it is confined to this path by insulation. Nature of Faults  Short circuit fault- current  Open circuit fault- voltage In terms of seriousness of consequences of a fault, short circuits are of far greater concern than open circuits, although some open circuits present some potential hazards to personnel Classification of short circuited Faults • Three phase faults (with or without earth connection) • Two phase faults (with or without earth connection) • Single phase to earth faults Classification of Open Circuit Faults • Single Phase open Circuit • Two phase open circuit • Three phase open circuit

soft computing

Introduction to Neuro, Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Fuzzy Sets : Basic Definition and Terminology, Set-theoretic Operations, Member Function Formulation and Parameterization, Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning, Extension Principle and Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy If-Then Rules, Fuzzy Reasoning , Fuzzy Inference Systems, Mamdani Fuzzy Models, Sugeno Fuzzy Models, Tsukamoto Fuzzy Models, Input Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Neural networks: Single layer networks, Perceptrons: Adaline, Mutilayer Perceptrons Supervised Learning, Back-propagation, LM Method, Radial Basis Function Networks, Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks, Competitive Learning Networks, Kohonen Self-Organizing Networks, Learning Vector Quantization, Hebbian Learning. Recurrent neural networks,. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy information; systems (ANFIS), Hybrid Learning Algorithm, Applications to control and pattern recognition. MODULE-III (10 HOURS) Derivative-free Optimization Genetic algorithms: Basic concepts, encoding, fitness function, reproduction. Differences of GA and traditional optimization methods. Basic genetic programming concepts Applications., MODULE-IV (10 HOURS) Evolutionary Computing, Simulated Annealing, Random Search, Downhill Simplex Search, Swarm optimizationIntroduction to Neuro, Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Fuzzy Sets : Basic Definition and Terminology, Set-theoretic Operations, Member Function Formulation and Parameterization, Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning, Extension Principle and Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy If-Then Rules, Fuzzy Reasoning , Fuzzy Inference Systems, Mamdani Fuzzy Models, Sugeno Fuzzy Models, Tsukamoto Fuzzy Models, Input Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Neural networks: Single layer networks, Perceptrons: Adaline, Mutilayer Perceptrons Supervised Learning, Back-propagation, LM Method, Radial Basis Function Networks, Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks, Competitive Learning Networks, Kohonen Self-Organizing Networks, Learning Vector Quantization, Hebbian Learning. Recurrent neural networks,. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy information; systems (ANFIS), Hybrid Learning Algorithm, Applications to control and pattern recognition. MODULE-III (10 HOURS) Derivative-free Optimization Genetic algorithms: Basic concepts, encoding, fitness function, reproduction. Differences of GA and traditional optimization methods. Basic genetic programming concepts Applications., MODULE-IV (10 HOURS) Evolutionary Computing, Simulated Annealing, Random Search, Downhill Simplex Search, Swarm optimizationIntroduction to Neuro, Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Fuzzy Sets : Basic Definition and Terminology, Set-theoretic Operations, Member Function Formulation and Parameterization, Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning, Extension Principle and Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy If-Then Rules, Fuzzy Reasoning , Fuzzy Inference Systems, Mamdani Fuzzy Models, Sugeno Fuzzy Models, Tsukamoto Fuzzy Models, Input Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Neural networks: Single layer networks, Perceptrons: Adaline, Mutilayer Perceptrons Supervised Learning, Back-propagation, LM Method, Radial Basis Function Networks, Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks, Competitive Learning Networks, Kohonen Self-Organizing Networks, Learning Vector Quantization, Hebbian Learning. Recurrent neural networks,. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy information; systems (ANFIS), Hybrid Learning Algorithm, Applications to control and pattern recognition. MODULE-III (10 HOURS) Derivative-free Optimization Genetic algorithms: Basic concepts, encoding, fitness function, reproduction. Differences of GA and traditional optimization methods. Basic genetic programming concepts Applications., MODULE-IV (10 HOURS) Evolutionary Computing, Simulated Annealing, Random Search, Downhill Simplex Search, Swarm optimizationIntroduction to Neuro, Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Fuzzy Sets : Basic Definition and Terminology, Set-theoretic Operations, Member Function Formulation and Parameterization, Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning, Extension Principle and Fuzzy Relations, Fuzzy If-Then Rules, Fuzzy Reasoning , Fuzzy Inference Systems, Mamdani Fuzzy Models, Sugeno Fuzzy Models, Tsukamoto Fuzzy Models, Input Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling. MODULE-II (10 HOURS) Neural networks: Single layer networks, Perceptrons: Adaline, Mutilayer Perceptrons Supervised Learning, Back-propagation, LM Method, Radial Basis Function Networks, Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks, Competitive Learning Networks, Kohonen Self-Organizing Networks, Learning Vector Quantization, Hebbian Learning. Recurrent neural networks,. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy information; systems (ANFIS), Hybrid Learning Algorithm, Applications to control and pattern recognition. MODULE-III (10 HOURS) Derivative-free Optimization Genetic algorithms: Basic concepts, encoding, fitness function, reproduction. Differences of GA and traditional optimization methods. Basic genetic programming concepts Applications., MODULE-IV (10 HOURS) Evolutionary Computing, Simulated Annealing, Random Search, Downhill Simplex Search, Swarm optimization

NETWORK THEORY

Coupled Circuits: Self-inductance and Mutual inductance, Coefficient of coupling, dot convention, Ideal Transformer, Analysis of multi-winding coupled circuits, Analysis of single tuned and double tuned coupled circuits. Transient study in RL, RC, and RLC networks by Laplace transform method with DC and AC excitation. Response to step, impulse and ramp inputs. Two Port networks: Two port parameters, short circuit admittance parameter, open circuit impedance parameters, Transmission parameters, Image parameters and Hybrid parameters. Ideal two port devices, ideal transformer. Tee and Pie circuit representation, Cascade and Parallel Connections

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

SYLLABUS,Review of Selected Topics in Electronic Circuits, Active Filters: First & Second order low pass/high pass, band pass, band reject, and all pass filters

COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SWITCHING

Overview of switching systems, Electronic switching and stored program control systems, Centralized SPC, Availability, Distributed SPC, Enhanced services, Digital switching: time switching, space switching, time and space switches, Switching techniques: Circuit Switching, Message and Packet Switching.