Johanna Kowtola from the University of Helsinki and Judith Squires from the University of Bristol are the leading researchers in the world today on Gender Studies and Feminism. 

The initial impression on reading this article is that it is full of citations and references and the two authors' contribution is little. And for the non- initiates in the realm of feminism, this piece goes over one's head!

However, on overcoming the complexity of the article, it is interesting how the authors have analyzed and discussed the concepts of State Feminism vis-a-vis the emerging Market Feminism. 

The feminist NGOs and the women's policy agencies which used to turn to the State for funding and governance of gender equality are now turning to the market to pursue their goals.The terms like 'Femocrat', 'Gender experts', 'Neo-liberalism', 'Neol-iberal feminism', are abundant in this article and represent examples of this dominant ideology, called Market Feminism. 

The article brings out the transformation challenges and problems faced nowadays by the traditional societal practices and policies of State in promoting gender equality, advancement of women, women's movements, feminist activism and institutionalizing women's policies and agendas.

Thus, to overcome these trials and tribulations of the State, the 'Femocrats' started looking to the civil society for offloading these policy responsibility of 'neo-liberalism' and the new changing form of governance - "encourage feminist NGOs and gender experts to deploy economic rather than political discourses to frame their gender analysis"(page 388).

The authors also clearly bring out that they "do not intend to suggest that the State and the Market are distinct; clearly, these are not separate realms - Market relations are shaped by State activity and non-activity and vice versa"(Page 389).Market feminism besides being a successful

 alliance between women agencies and activism with the State, also "entails specific strategies, funding and discourses that rely on market ideas and practices" (page 390), and "promote gender equality by turning to the channels and mechanisms offered by the market ."(Page 390)

The authors have finally drawn upon examples from three different regions of the world, viz, Australia and New Zealand, Chile and the EU, to give illustrative instances of the emergence of the shift from state to market feminism.