The rate of flow of charge is called current.It is always directed from +ve to -ve terminal of the circuit.It is a scalar quantity as it doesn't obey the law of vector addition.Its S.I unit is Ampere.

Ohm's law:The potential difference across the two ends of the resisitor is directly proportional to current flowing through it provided the temparature remains same.

                                                                                                                V=IR

The opposition to the flow of current is called resistance .It depends upon length,cross-sectional area ,temparature & the nature of the material.Its S.I unit is ohm.

                                                                                                                 R=pL/A

where,p  is the resistivity of the material.

Biot-Savart law

The magnitude of a magnetic field at any point due to a current carrying conductor depends upon the current flowing through it,the length element,sin of angle between the position vector and current & inversely proportional to the square of distance of the point from the conductor.

~applications~

1.Magnetic field due to a straight current carrying conductor.

2.Magnetic field at the centre of the current carrying coil.

3.Magnetic field at the axis of the current carrying coil.

Lorentz force

When a charge particle moves in a region having both electric & magnetic field then it will experience force by both electric & magnetic field.The vector sum of these two field together is called lorentz force.

Cyclotron

It is a device which is used to accelerate charge particles in successive steps under the influence of both electric & magnetic field.It consists of two DeesThe electric field helps in accerlation of the particles & the magnetic field helps in circulation of those charged particles in the two semicircular hollow dees separated by a small distance which is set by an alternate source.The whole setup is placed perpendicularly between two pole pieces of magnet.It is only applicable for charged particles because of the relativistic increase in the mass of the charged particles which makes it less energetic.

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