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Marketing Notes - Marketing orientation
Marketing Notes - Marketing orientation 5 concepts of marketing
Eshita Singh
Mathematics (IV semester)
Attached document contains previous year question paper of financial accounting for Mathematics (hons.)
Riya Goyal
Social media marketing important points
Some of Important point people should know about DIGITAL Marketing and Social Media Marketing
Syed Sadique Hussain
The growth of money laundering
The amount of money sent back home by migrants working abroad has grown rapidly in recent years -according to the World Bank it doubled in the five years from 2002, reaching at least $350bn. But the mechanisms used to transfer money can also be used for money laundering, and are of increasing concern to law enforcement agencies. Some estimates suggest that half of all money transfers from migrants living abroad are done outside the formal sector - that is, banks or money transfer firms. Of course, most migrant transfers are for legitimate reasons. But the vast volume of informal transfers has made it much easier to hide illicit transfers, whether they relate to criminal activity or terrorist finance. There are two reasons for the growth of the this informal sector. The first is the expense of transferring money abroad for poor individuals. The cost, especially for small amounts sent to nations with a less well-developed financial sector, can be as much as 20% of the sum, according to the World Bank. Secondly, there are a number of countries, for example in parts of Africa and the Middle East, where the banking system is not highly developed and so cash transactions are common. As directly sending cash, or its equivalent in gold or diamonds, is potentially risky, this has led to the widespread use, in Muslim countries, of the hawala system. Hawala is an informal system of money transfer based on trust, which uses a system of money brokers based throughout the Middle East, Africa and Asia, with links to others in major cities across Europe and North America. Under hawala, no money actually crosses international borders. Instead, a system of complex swaps is employed, using food, fuel, electronics or gold as a way of balancing the books between operators - hawaladas - in different countries. The OECD's Financial Action Task Force says these "alternative remittance systems" are widely used by terrorist finance, because of the "level of anonymity and rapidity" they offer, and for "cultural" reasons. They say that they have the additional attraction of "weaker and/or less opaque record-keeping" and in many places "less stringent regulatory oversight". This might particularly apply in failed states, such as Somalia, or large parts of Afghanistan. Finding terrorist funding in the huge volume of international money transfers may seem akin to looking for a needle in a haystack. The volume of normal transactions dwarfs the amount of money needed to carry out terrorist actions. The OECD estimates that the direct operational costs of major terrorist actions like the London and Madrid bombings were no more than $10,000 to $12,000 (£6,751 to £8,100). This level of funding - or even the Bali bombing, estimated to have cost $50,000 - could easily be incorporated into the hawala system. But the OECD says terrorist networks need other longer term funding to support their operations and logistics base - and so will also turn to money laundering, criminal activities, and the use of charities as conduits for money. Regulators, particularly in Europe, are beginning to tighten up the supervision of all types of financial institutions, formal and informal. An EU directive comes into force in 2009 that will compel financial companies above a certain size to become registered with the FSA and to put up bonds proportionate to their turnover or profit. At the same time, The World Bank has been pushing to lower the cost of formal money transfers. One possibility is to make more use of the postal system, which has the ability to create a global money transfer system. Another new development could be the use of mobile phone systems to credit small amounts to users. This would be particularly attractive in developing countries, where mobile phone use is growing and is much more dense than internet use. Meanwhile, private agencies such as Western Union and Moneygram have expanded rapidly across the globe, and the money transfer business has proved highly profitable, growing by 6% per year. There is no doubt that, overall, remittances make a positive contribution to economic growth in poor countries - although they might be better targeted. So finding ways of improving transfers, while avoiding the risks of hiding money, could be useful for economic development. And improving living conditions in these countries could be in itself an important antidote to the appeal of anti-Western militancy across the globe.
prakhar ranjan
SURVEYING SETTING OUT WORK
The process involves the positions and levels of building lines and road alignments shown on the construction plans to be established on the ground by various techniques and instruments.
Aman Tripathi
Immune system
It has information about immune system and its functions
Sakshi Simhal
Solution of Calculus by Anton, Bivens and Davis
Here I am sharing with you the solution of the book "Calculus by Anton, Bivens and Davis" which is preferred at Delhi University for math honors students of first semester. If you pursue B.Sc honors Mathematics at Delhi University then you are going to study calculus in your first semester as one of your core subject. The solution of book covers all the topics and questions of the first semester which you are going to study.
Neetesh Gupta
Ethical communication
All descriptive knowledge about ethical communication
Aarish 1224
Population and Growth
Population and its growth notes for environmental studies
Rakesh Kundu
Class Notes of Fluid Mechanics and Machinery
Class notes on various topics of Fluid Mechanics for undergraduate Engineering.
Kashish Kakkar
Importance of Good Speaking And Listening Skills In an organization.
Importance of Good Speaking And Listening Skills In an organization.
Piyush Gupta
rgpv engineering chemistry latest year paper
The pdf contains last year paper of rgpv for engineering chemistry for set A in first year
Shivansh Nigam
Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory Second Edition: Goodaire & Parmenter
You need to choose one subject as Discipline Specific Elective Course in fifth and sixth semester of third year of B.Sc Honors Mathematics at Delhi University. The book "Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory" I am sharing here, contains the syllabus of discrete mathematics which is one of your Discipline Specific Elective Course. If you choose Discrete Mathematics as you DSE course then it will help you a lot.
Hyperbolic functions
Contents covered in this pdf regarding hyperbolic functions.In this pdf there is detailed concepts and problems related to the topic.
Kilari Harshitha Naidu
Friend Function
Friend Function explained
PPT on Journey of Indian Agriculture
This clip contains ppt on Journey of Indian Agriculture.
HARPREET SINGH