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Filmfare Award 2019 Current Affairs 24 March 2019 | Quiz #236 | #A2Z Careers GK Tricks
Filmfare Award 2019 Current Affairs 24 March 2019 | Quiz #236 | #A2Z Careers GK Tricks
RAD -Rapid Application Development
SDLC - RAD Model The RAD (Rapid Application Development) model is based on prototyping and iterative development with no specific planning involved. The process of writing the software itself involves the planning required for developing the product.Rapid Application Development focuses on gathering customer requirements through workshops or focus groups, early testing of the prototypes by the customer using iterative concept, reuse of the existing prototypes (components), continuous integration and rapid delivery.What is RAD?Rapid application development is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favour of rapid prototyping. A prototype is a working model that is functionally equivalent to a component of the product.In the RAD model, the functional modules are developed in parallel as prototypes and are integrated to make the complete product for faster product delivery. Since there is no detailed preplanning, it makes it easier to incorporate the changes within the development process.RAD projects follow iterative and incremental model and have small teams comprising of developers, domain experts, customer representatives and other IT resources working progressively on their component or prototype.The most important aspect for this model to be successful is to make sure that the prototypes developed are reusable.RAD Model DesignRAD model distributes the analysis, design, build and test phases into a series of short, iterative development cycles.Following are the various phases of the RAD Model −Business ModelingThe business model for the product under development is designed in terms of flow of information and the distribution of information between various business channels. A complete business analysis is performed to find the vital information for business, how it can be obtained, how and when is the information processed and what are the factors driving successful flow of information.Data ModelingThe information gathered in the Business Modeling phase is reviewed and analyzed to form sets of data objects vital for the business. The attributes of all data sets is identified and defined. The relation between these data objects are established and defined in detail in relevance to the business model.Process ModelingThe data object sets defined in the Data Modeling phase are converted to establish the business information flow needed to achieve specific business objectives as per the business model. The process model for any changes or enhancements to the data object sets is defined in this phase. Process descriptions for adding, deleting, retrieving or modifying a data object are given.Application GenerationThe actual system is built and coding is done by using automation tools to convert process and data models into actual prototypes.Testing and TurnoverThe overall testing time is reduced in the RAD model as the prototypes are independently tested during every iteration. However, the data flow and the interfaces between all the components need to be thoroughly tested with complete test coverage. Since most of the programming components have already been tested, it reduces the risk of any major issues.RAD Model Vs Traditional SDLCThe traditional SDLC follows a rigid process models with high emphasis on requirement analysis and gathering before the coding starts. It puts pressure on the customer to sign off the requirements before the project starts and the customer doesn’t get the feel of the product as there is no working build available for a long time.The customer may need some changes after he gets to see the software. However, the change process is quite rigid and it may not be feasible to incorporate major changes in the product in the traditional SDLC.The RAD model focuses on iterative and incremental delivery of working models to the customer. This results in rapid delivery to the customer and customer involvement during the complete development cycle of product reducing the risk of non-conformance with the actual user requirements.RAD Model – ApplicationRAD model can be applied successfully to the projects in which clear modularization is possible. If the project cannot be broken into modules, RAD may fail.The following pointers describe the typical scenarios where RAD can be used −· RAD should be used only when a system can be modularized to be delivered in an incremental manner.· It should be used if there is a high availability of designers for modeling.· It should be used only if the budget permits use of automated code generating tools.· RAD SDLC model should be chosen only if domain experts are available with relevant business knowledge.· Should be used where the requirements change during the project and working prototypes are to be presented to customer in small iterations of 2-3 months.RAD Model - Pros and ConsRAD model enables rapid delivery as it reduces the overall development time due to the reusability of the components and parallel development. RAD works well only if high skilled engineers are available and the customer is also committed to achieve the targeted prototype in the given time frame. If there is commitment lacking on either side the model may fail.The advantages of the RAD Model are as follows −· Changing requirements can be accommodated.· Progress can be measured.· Iteration time can be short with use of powerful RAD tools.· Productivity with fewer people in a short time.· Reduced development time.· Increases reusability of components.· Quick initial reviews occur.· Encourages customer feedback.· Integration from very beginning solves a lot of integration issues.The disadvantages of the RAD Model are as follows −· Dependency on technically strong team members for identifying business requirements.· Only system that can be modularized can be built using RAD.· Requires highly skilled developers/designers.· High dependency on modeling skills.· Inapplicable to cheaper projects as cost of modeling and automated code generation is very high.· Management complexity is more.· Suitable for systems that are component based and scalable.· Requires user involvement throughout the life cycle.· Suitable for project requiring shorter development times.
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Notes on Proposition
PREPOSITIONA preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence. Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find prepositions in front of gerund verbs.Type of PrepositionsPrepositions of Time Basic examples of time prepositions include: at, on, in, before and after. They are used to help indicate when something happened, happens or will happen. It can get a little confusing though, as many different prepositions can be used.Prepositions of time examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.For example:· I was born on July 4th, 1982.· I was born in· I was born at exactly 2am.· I was born two minutes before my twin brother.· I was born after the Great War ended.The above makes it seem quite difficult, with five different prepositions used to indicate when something happened. However, there is a set of guidelines that can help decide which preposition to use:For years, months, seasons, centuries and times of day, use the preposition in:· I first met John in· It’s always cold in J· Easter falls in spring each year.· The Second World War occurred in the 20th· We eat breakfast in the morning.For days, dates and specific holiday days, use the preposition on.1. We go to school on Mondays, but not on2. Christmas is on December 25th.3. Buy me a present on my birthday.For times, indicators of exception and festivals, use the preposition at:· Families often argue at· I work faster at· Her shift finished at 7pm.Before and after should be much easier to understand than the other examples of prepositions of time. Both are used to explain when something happened, happens or will happen, but specifically in relation to another thing.· Before I discovered this bar, I used to go straight home after· We will not leave before· David comes before Bryan in the line, but afterOther prepositions of time could include: During, about, around, until and throughout.· The concert will be staged throughout the month of May.· I learned how to ski during the holidays.· He usually arrives around· It was about six in the morning when we made it to bed.· The store is open until midnight.Prepositions of PlaceTo confuse matters a bit, the most common prepositions to indicate time – on, at, in – are also the most common prepositions to indicate position. However, the rules are a little clearer as place prepositions are a more rigid concept than time prepositions.Prepositions of place examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.· The cat is on the table.· The dogs are in the kennel.· We can meet at theThe guidelines can be broken down as follows:On is used when referring to something with a surface:· The sculpture hangs on the wall.· The images are on the page.· The specials are on the menu, which is on the table.In is used when referring to something that is inside or within confined boundaries. This could be anything, even a country: Examples:1. Jim is in France, visiting his aunt in the hospital.2. The whiskey is in the jar in the fridge.3. The girls play in the garden.At is used when referring to something at a specific point. Examples:1. The boys are at the entrance at the movie theatre.2. He stood at the bus stop at the corner of Water and High streets.3. We will meet at the airport.Lot’s of other prepositions of place, such as under, over, inside, outside, above and below are used in English. There is, however, a lot less confusion as they refer to rigid positions rather than abstract ones.· The cat is under the table.· Put the sandwich over· The key is locked inside the car.· They stepped outside the house.· Major is ranked above· He is waving at you from below the stairs.Prepositions of MovementPrepositions of movement are quite easy to understand as they are less abstract than prepositions of place and time. Essentially, they describe how something or someone moves from one place to another. The most commonly used preposition of movement is to, which usually serves to highlight that there is movement towards a specific destination.Prepositions of movement examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.· He has gone on vacation to· She went to the bowling alley every Friday last summer.· I will go to bed when I am tired.· They will go to the zoo if they finish their errands.Other more specific prepositions of movement include: through, across, off, down and into. These prepositions can sometimes get mixed up with others. While they are similar, they have individual meanings that add context to the movement.Across refers to moving from one side to another.· Mike travelled across America on his motorcycle.· Rebecca and Judi are swimming across the lake.Through refers to moving directly inside something and out the other end.· The bullet Ben shot went through the window.· The train passes through the tunnel.Into refers to entering or looking inside something.· James went into the room.· They stare into the darkness.Up, over, down, past and around indicate directions of movement. Examples:1. Jack went up the hill.2. Jill came tumbling down3. We will travel over rough terrain on our way to Grandma’s house.4. The horse runs around the track all morning.5. A car zoomed past a truck on the highway
ASHJOT SINGH ANAND
D Pharma Course | Scope| Medical Store License | Salary | Best Institute | University
D Pharma Course | Scope| Medical Store License | Salary | Best Institute | University