Knowledge in Basic Electrical engineering

Two lamps controlled by One Switch

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Engineering Mechanics April 2018 (Regular)

The question paper for Engineering Mechanics. Hope the teachers and students finds it useful.

ENGINEERING CIRCUIT ANALYSIS EIGHTH EDITION William H. Hayt, Jr. Jack E. Kemmerly ,Steven M. Durbin

About the authors: WILLIAM H. HAYT, Jr., received his B.S. and M.S. at Purdue University and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. After spending four years in industry, Professor Hayt joined the faculty of Purdue University, where he served as Professor and Head of the School of Electrical Engineering, and as Professor Emeritus after retiring in 1986. Besides Engineering Circuit Analysis, Professor Hayt authored three other texts, including Engineering Electromagnetics, now in its eighth edition with McGraw-Hill. Professor Hayt’s professional society memberships included Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, Sigma Delta Chi, Fellow of IEEE, ASEE, and NAEB. While at Purdue, he received numerous teaching awards, including the univer- sity’s Best Teacher Award. He is also listed in Purdue’s Book of Great Teachers, a permanent wall display in the Purdue Memorial Union, dedi- cated on April 23, 1999. The book bears the names of the inaugural group of 225 faculty members, past and present, who have devoted their lives to excellence in teaching and scholarship. They were chosen by their students and their peers as Purdue’s finest educators. JACK E. KEMMERLY received his B.S. magna cum laude from The Catholic University of America, M.S. from University of Denver, and Ph.D. from Purdue University. Professor Kemmerly first taught at Purdue University and later worked as principal engineer at the Aeronutronic Division of Ford Motor Company. He then joined California State University, Fullerton, where he served as Professor, Chairman of the Faculty of Electrical Engi- neering, Chairman of the Engineering Division, and Professor Emeritus. Professor Kemmerly’s professional society memberships included Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, ASEE, and IEEE (Senior Member). His pursuits outside of academe included being an officer in the Little League and a scoutmaster in the Boy Scouts. STEVEN M. DURBIN received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University,West Lafayette, Indiana. Subsequently, he was with the Department of Electrical Engineering at Florida State University and FloridaA&M University before joining the University of Canterbury, New Zealand,in2000.SinceAugust2010,hehasbeenwiththeUniversityatBuffalo, The State University of NewYork, where he holds a joint appointment between the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Physics. His teaching interests include circuits, electronics, electromagnetics, solid-state electronics and nanotechnology. His research interests are primarily concerned with the development of new semiconductor materials—in particular those based on ox- ide and nitride compounds—as well as novel optoelectronic device structures. HeisafoundingprincipalinvestigatoroftheMacDiarmidInstituteforAdvanced Materials and Nanotechnology, a New Zealand National Centre of Research Excellence,andcoauthorofover100technicalpublications.Heisaseniormem- ber of the IEEE, and a member of Eta Kappa Nu, the Electron Devices Society, the Materials Research Society, the AVS (formerly the American Vacuum Society),theAmericanPhysicalSociety,andtheRoyalSocietyofNewZealand. Contents: PREFACE xv 1 ● INTRODUCTION 1 2 ● BASIC COMPONENTS AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS 9 3 ● VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS 39 4 ● BASIC NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS 79 5 ● HANDY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 123 6 ● THE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 175 7 ● CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS 217 8 ● BASIC RL AND RC CIRCUITS 261 9 ● THE RLC CIRCUIT 321 10 ● SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS 371 11 ● AC CIRCUIT POWER ANALYSIS 421 12 ● POLYPHASE CIRCUITS 457 13 ● MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS 493 14 ● COMPLEX FREQUENCY AND THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM 533 15 ● CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE s-DOMAIN 571 16 ● FREQUENCY RESPONSE 619 17 ● TWO-PORT NETWORKS 687 18 ● FOURIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 733

Classification of network elements

The network elements are the mathematical models of two terminal electric devices which can be characterized by its voltage and current relationship at the terminals.

Kirchoff's law

Kirchoff's current law and Kirchoff's voltage law describes the relation of current and voltage in a circuit.

Energy Sources

The resistors, inductors and capacitors are incapable of generating voltage, current or power of their own. Hence we need other network components capable of generating voltage or current and transferring energy into the network.

Super position theorem

Super position theorem states that in any linear network containing two or more sources, the response in any element is equal to the algebraic sum of responses caused by individual source acting alone, while the other sources are kept at zero.

Thevenin's theorem

Thevenin's theorem helps in reducing the given network into a simple equivalent network with respective a given network.

Norton's theorem

Norton's theorem is the dual of the Thevenin's theorem.

Introduction to AC circuits

In an electric circuit, direct current flows continuously in only direction, but in case circuits were alternating current flows, the current varies in magnitude periodically in both directions. When it is AC it could refer to any type of alternating wave form.

AC over DC

Advantages and disadvantages of AC over DC.

AC Circuits-important concepts

Root means square value is defined as that constant voltage which produces the same amount of heat energy as produced by AC voltage, when both are applied for the same circuit for the same period. Average value is defined as that constant value which produces the same amount of flux in case of voltage or same amount of charge in case of current.