Knowledge in BBA

Micro Economics

Study of demand and supplies of goods and services and its importance.

Business English

Business Letters , Agenda , Minutes , Propaganda , Business proposals etc

Organisational environment

The five year plans and its implementation.

Human resource management

The group dynamics and its behavior.

Business Environment

The business integration of different firms.Its types and importance,

CASE STUDY OF MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION MUSHROOM

Case study for mba student for the solving concept of marketing and distribution fundamental .

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

HRM is most common subject for the purpose off business. and there is a available a case study . so solve this case study and find your most valuable answer.

case study of HRM with solution

human resources case study with possible solution . so try this most valuable and easy answer . slove your problem .

Evolution , scope and function of financial managers

Financial Management is a related aspect of finance function. In the present business administration financial management is an important branch. Nobody will think over about-business activity without finance implication.Financial management includes adoption of general management principles for financial implementation. The following may be said as the related aspects of financial management raising of funds, using of these funds profitably, planning of future activities, controlling of present implementations and future developments with the help of financial accounting, cost accounting, budgeting and statistics.It acts as guidance where more opportunities for investment is available. Financial management is useful as a tool for allotment of resources to various projects depending on their importance and repayment capacity.James Van Morne defines Financial Management as follows:“Planning is an inextricable dimension of financial management. The term financial management connotes that funds flows are directed according to some plan”. Financial managements can be said a good guide for allotment of future resources of an organisation.Preparing and implementation of some plans can be said as financial management. In other words, collection of funds and their effective utilisation for efficient running of and organization is called financial management. Financial management has influence on all activities of an organisation. Hence it can be said as an important one.Its main responsibility is to complete the finance function successfully. It also has relations with other business functions. All business decisions also have financial implications. According to Raymond Chambers, Management of finance function is the financial management’.However, financial management shall not be considered as the profit extracting device. If finance is properly utilised through plans, they lead to profits. Besides, without profits there won’t be finance generation. All these are facts. But this is not complete.The implication of financial management is not only attaining efficiency and getting profits but also maximising the value of the firm. It facilitates to protect the interests of various classes of people related to the firm.Hence, managing a firm for profit maximisation is not the meaning for financial management. Financial management is applicable to all kinds of organisations. According to Raymond Chambers, ‘the word financial management is applicable to all kinds of firms irrespective of their objectives’.Aims of Financial Management:The aims of financial management should be useful to the firm’s proprietors, managers, employees and consumers. For this purpose the only way is maximisation of firm’s value.The following aspects have place in maximising firm’s value:Rise in profits:If the firm wants to maximise its value, it should’ increase its profits and revenues. For this purpose increase of sales volume or other activities can be taken up. It is the general feature of any firm to increase profits by proper utilisation of all opportunities and plans.Theoretically, firm gets maximum profits if it is under equilibrium. At that stage the average cost is minimal and the marginal cost and the marginal revenues are equal. Here, we can’t say the sales because there must be suitable market for the increased sales. Further, the above costs must also be controlled.Reduction in cost:Capital and equity funds are utilised for production. So all types of steps should be taken to reduce firm’s cost of capital.Sources of funds:It should be decided by keeping in view the value of the firm to collect funds through issue of shares or debentures.Reduce risks:There won’t be profits without risk. But for this reason if more risk is taken, it may become danger to the existence of the firm. Hence risk should be reduced to minimum level.Long run value:It should be the feature of financial management to increase the long-run value of the firm. To earn more profits in short time, some firms may do the activities like releasing of low quality goods, neglecting the interests of consumers and employees.These trials may give good results in the short run. But for increasing the value of the firm in the long run, avoiding; such activities are more essential.Scope and functions of Financial Management:The scope of financial management includes three groups. First – relating to finance and cash, second – rising of fund and their administration, third – along with the activities of rising funds, these are part and parcel of total management, Isra Salomon felt that in view of funds utilisation third group has wider scope.It can be said that all activities done by a finance officer are under the purview of financial management. But the activities of these officers change from firm to firm, it become difficult to say the scope of finance. Financial management plays two main roles, one – participating in funds utilisation and controlling productivity, two – Identifying the requirements of funds and selecting the sources for those funds. Liquidity, profitability and management are the functions of financial management. Let us know very briefly about them.1. Liquidity:Liquidity can be ascertained through the three important considerations.i) Forecasting of cash flow:Cash inflows and outflows should be equalized for the purpose of liquidity.ii) Rising of funds:Finance manager should try to identify the requirements and increase of funds.iii) Managing the flow of internal funds:Liquidity at higher degree can be maintained by keeping accounts in many banks. Then there will be no need to depend on external loans.2. Profitability:While ascertaining the profitability the following aspects should be taken into consideration:1) Cost of control:For the purpose of controlling costs, various activities of the firm should be analyzed through proper cost accounting system,ii) Pricing:Pricing policy has great importance in deciding sales level in company’s marketing. Pricing policy should be evolved in such a way that the image of the firm should not be affected.iii) Forecasting of future profits:Often estimated profits should be ascertained and assessed to strengthen the firm and to ascertain the profit levels.iv) Measuring the cost of capital:Each fund source has different cost of capital. As the profit of the firm is directly related to cost of capital, each cost of capital should be measured.3. Management:It is the duty of the financial manager to keep the sources of the assets in maintaining the business. Asset management plays an important role in financial management. Besides, the financial manager should see that the required sources are available for smooth running of the firm without any interruptions.A business may fail without financial failures. Financial failures also lead to business failure. Because of this peculiar condition the responsibility of financial management increased. It can be divided into the management of long run funds and short run funds.Long run management of funds relates to the development and extensive plans. Short run management of funds relates to the total business cycle activities. It is also the responsibility of financial management to co­ordinate different activities in the business. Thus, for the success of any firm or organization financial management is said to be a must.

Introduction – Meaning, Nature, Concepts, advantages and reasons for transacting online

The fast and dramatic changes in information technology specially in last one decade has given new concept of marketing in which buyer and seller do not see each other face to face nor see the goods physically; the whole transaction is carried out with the help of ‘on line’ communication. The entire deal is carried out with the help of computer – telecommunication and net working with associated hardware.In the e – commerce internet provides information about goods and services “It is” a way of conducting imaging and executing business transactions and services through elec­tronic media and networking in computers and communication network, websites, e-mail are resorted.Customers know about goods and services sitting at home. The manufacturers, distributors, suppliers and services providers let the consumers know about their products quality, price, size, color etc. through multi-colored catalogues on website. The consumers can ‘surface various web sites and compare their relative prices, quality characteristic, features etc.These details can be obtained from suppliers around the globe. The websites are available beside for goods for direct selling, context selling, financial and other services such as hospitals, education, training, advertise­ments, property, entertainment, product demonstrations, bill payment, exchange and all other ser­vices which one can think of.The types of selling through the use of internet and other electronic devices can be of following types:Business to Business (B2B):This implies selling by one business manufactures to other business manufactures, trade, wholesaler or retailer. In India as yet most of the e-commerce is B2B. The number of companies like TELCO, IBM, C1TI BANK, BHEL, ESSAR, TVS, MARUTI, BAJAJ, and many others are doing B2B. In 1998 out of total e-commerce of us$ 210 billion us$ 100 billion was accounted for B2B.Business to Consumer (C2B):When business sells to customers/consumers it is called B2C and is most important from our point of view. The products include items sold in departmental stores, chemist shops, grocery stores, books, stationery, clothes, vegetables, fruits and what not. As yet in India such sales are only of US$ 100 billion but are expected to go up to US$ 900 billion by 2005 i.e. the growth of 9000 percent. Many service sectors are adopting this mode.Consumer to Consumer (C2C):Under this system when some consumer want to dispose off his old items, he can take the help of selling through internet. But this type of e-commerce is not very common at least in India and the business is negligible.Business to Government (B2G):Business house or on individual business has to file income tax and sales tax returns and various types of other returns. As yet this requires filing of return in respective office and apply for approval in concerned office. But now many countries allow this type of activity through e-mail/e-commerce. However, as yet this is not being done in India.Government to Consumer (G2C):In order to provide facilities to public and speed up information and records government in many cases provide record of information, through this system; sale of documents, passport forms, copies of returns etc are supplied through e-mail. The main features of e-commerce is that one does not physically feel an item nor sees it and places order on the basis of information supplied through website or in response to consumers inquiry, as yet e-commerce has last preference for daily consumption items.It is largely limited to durable goods like computers, TV’s, automobiles, books, travel reservation. In case of service it is becoming popular for banking and share purchases. The growth of E-commerce is restricted as given in Table 20.1Key players in e-commerce are consumers and sellers.E-mail net work:E-commerce requires visit of website, selection of products, select a payment mode, realization of money (which is done before dispatch) and dispatch of goods.The process may be depicted as under:Visit of website:Selection of a productSelection of payment modeCredit cardE-bankingVP/courier (who collects the payment at the time of delivery, but this is discouraged.Placement of order through e-mailRealization of money.Dispatch to the customer can be on line or through courier.In order that consumer may visit particular website, sellers have to advertise about their website so that consumer may visit the website. The consumer decides which websites have to be visited and after getting the information from various sites he makes a choice and decides which one should be purchased. He then places an order intimating the mode of payment which is generally through credit card or e-banking and advise the bank where he has credit card to debit the amount to his account.After the seller realizes the amount for the goods order he dispatches the goods. In most of the cases whole process takes couple of minutes and goods reaches the consumer within half an hour to one hour if he is a local consumer, it is claimed so by sellers. In India in this business Rediff(dot)com is most popular and sells products worth Rs. 1340 million every month.Advantage to Consumers:The consumer has number of advantages and convenience and therefore the system is becoming popular.Consumer has wider choice not from his town or country but also round the globe unless there are import restrictions.Customized or personalized product and service. For instance if some lady wants a bra of exact size, her size can be measured through internet and stored and she will be supplied bra of her requirement.In case of purchase, one is not required to go from store to store to see the products to collect their details, prices etc. Sitting at home he gets all the required information and that too very fast without spending much time.There is absolute flexibility of time, place and distance is no hurdle; one can open the site any time day or night to get details, there is no problem of shops/stores opening/closing hours. Website can be opened any time. In physical sales place and distance is also a problem which is no problem in e-commerce because one can see sites all over the world without moving out of the house.Goods are available at cheaper price because there are lot of economies of space, rent, interest to the seller Further, he manages with much lesser number of outlets and cost of marketing is reduced. Part of these savings is passed on to consumer and therefore, he gets the products cheaper than from conventional shops/departmental stores, grocers etc.It helps to globalize retail trading. One can buy things without geographical boundaries.It eliminates with the system of distributors, authorized dealers and retailers, the manufac­turer can deal with large territory with one store.The inventory is reduced, and so the cost of carrying goods and distribution cost.Exports to final consumers is possible through e-commerce, not only-just sales but procure­ment, accounts, logistics product development and other related services are also possible through e-commerceThe net enables suppliers to introduce and promote new markets and new products to meet the needs of individual buyers.Long distance, travelling and delays, pollution all are avoided because one has not to travel to the shop.Consumer is better informed about products, price etc and therefore can make better choice.Suppliers, competitors and customers come under one roof through internet websites and massive exhibition of various items is possible.Disadvantages:The biggest disadvantage of e-commerce is that one is not able to see and feel the product.Since consumers are not able to feel and touch the products and therefore business is on trust and as yet business is largely limited to travel, automobiles, PC’s, services, books and CD’s entertain­ment. As yet sales of apparel, food products is largely small percentage of total e-business. For instance in 1999 the maximum ownership of internet was 50 percent in USA, in other countries it varied between 1.8 percent to 45 percent (Table 20.2) But gradually this disadvantage is being reduced but still there is large percentage of population which does not own internet.There is a big problem in on-line payment. It is with regard to time and legality of order to complete the transaction. As yet satisfactory system of payment has not been developed by banks and financial institutions in large number of countries.The electronic signatures acceptance has been legalized by large number of countries but still many more have to take steps in this direction. Further, there are great chances of fraud in-spite of all the precautions.The. e-commerce requires large investment to build a brand image on internet which is esti­mated around us$ 100 million or around Rs. 500 crores which can be invested only by big players. Thus small suppliers cannot get business through internet.The market is restricted to high income and educated population who own and know the use of internet. Thus in poor, illiterate or less educated countries it has limited access.Sometimes there could be flood of orders for any particular product which makes problem of timely supply to consumer. In 2000 there was YK2, problem and customers had to wait to get product of their choice.Consumer has number of problems. He has to search internet/websites information on internet, make the purchase domain and the payment. There are difficulties in searching, surfing, browsing and wandering around the internet which costs both time and money.Privacy of consumer is adversely affected specially in the matter of accounts; he is required to tell his credit card number to supplier or e-banker.E-commerce is good for branded products like automobiles, electronic goods, computers, electrical goods, branded garments, branded food products, music, books etc. If middle class or lower middle class want to buy non branded products which are generally cheaper, they cannot be bought through e-commerce.

assignment report of international business

In this files cover topic total import, total export , balance of payment , balance of trade , gdp, many more rates. and example with excel sheet .

Monetary policy

In this topic covered features of monetary policy , tools , quantitative , qualitative , types of monetary policy , limitation etc .