Knowledge in Computer Architecture
Microprocessors (8085)
The content will give a brief insight of the microprocessor 8085 along with its instruction sets.
Muskan Mehrotra
Central Processing Unit
Basics of computers, telling you about the central processing unit as a whole.
Computer Organization and Microprocessor
The content is an advanced version of the subject microprocessor. To go through this content you must be thorough with the knowledge of digital electronics, basics of microprocessor and a bit of operating systems too. Happy Learning!
UNIT III-FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS OF A COMPUTER (9 hours)
UNIT III-FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS OF A COMPUTER (9 hours) CPU, Memory, Input-Output subsystems, Control unit. Instruction set architecture of a CPU - registers, Instruction execution cycle, RTL interpretation of instructions, Addressing modes, Instruction set, Hardwired and micro- programmed design approaches. Case study – 1. Design of a simple hypothetical CPU2. Instruction sets of some common CPUs
ANSHU RATHOUR
IT1005 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE
UNIT V-PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES (9 hours) Basic concepts of pipelining, throughput and speedup, Pipeline hazards- Memory interleaving, the concept of hierarchical memory organization, Cache memory, cache size vs. block size, mapping functions, replacement algorithms, write policy
IT1005 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE
COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MCQs
Basics of computer
Basics of Computer
Akshay Kumar
Adavanced Programming Architecture
The content is all about the advanced concepts of microprocessor.
MIPS Architecture
The content is about the architecture of the Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages. This is a different topic on a whole and comes under the area of Pipelining.
COMPUTER CABLES
A cable may refer to any of the following: Power cord connections 1. Alternatively referred to as a cord, connector or plug, a cable is one or more wires covered in a plastic covering that allows for the transmission of power or data between devices. The picture is an example of what the power cord may look like for your computer or monitor. The power cord is one example of thousands of other cables found in and around computers. There are two main types of computer cables, a data cable and a power cable. A data cable is a cable that provides communication between devices. For example, the data cable (i.e., DVI, HDMI, or VGA) that connects your monitor to your computer and allows your computer to display a picture on the monitor. Other popular examples of data cables include the CAT5, IDE/EIDE, SATA, and USB cables. A power cable is any cable that powers the device. For example, the power cord that connects to your computer and a Molex style cable inside the computer are both good examples of power cables. Below, is a listing of the most common types of cables found with computers and electronics and examples of devices that use them. Types of cables AT - Used with early keyboards ATA - Used with hard drives and disc drives Cat 5 - Used with network cards Coaxial - Used with TV and projectors Composite - Used with TV, projectors, and consoles. Also known as RCA cables. DisplayPort - Used with computer monitors DVI - Used with monitors, projectors, and other displays e-SATA - Used with external drives Firewire (IEEE-1394) - Used with digital cameras and external drives HDMI - Used with monitors, projectors, DVD/Blu-ray players, and other displays MIDI - Used with musical keyboards and other equipment Mini plug - Used with headphones, microphones, speakers Molex - Power cable used inside your computer IDE/EIDE - Used with hard drives and disc drives Parallel - Used with printers PS/2 - Used with keyboards and mice S-Video - Used with projectors, digital cameras, and other displays S/PDIF - Used with DVD and surround sound. SATA - Used with hard drives and disc drives SCSI - Used with hard drives, tape drives, and disc drives Serial (RS-232) - Used with a mouse and Modem. Thunderbolt - Primarily used with Apple displays and devices USB - Used with keyboard, mouse, printer, MP3 players, and thousands of other devices VGA/SVGA - Used with monitors and projectors
Shantha Kumar . V
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
Computers differ based on their data processing abilities. They are classified according to purpose, data handling and functionality. According to purpose, computers are either general purpose or specific purpose. General purpose computers are designed to perform a range of tasks. They have the ability to store numerous programs, but lack in speed and efficiency. Specific purpose computers are designed to handle a specific problem or to perform a specific task. A set of instructions is built into the machine. According to data handling, computers are analog, digital or hybrid. Analog computers work on the principle of measuring, in which the measurements obtained are translated into data. Modern analog computers usually employ electrical parameters, such as voltages, resistances or currents, to represent the quantities being manipulated. Such computers do not deal directly with the numbers. They measure continuous physical magnitudes. Digital computers are those that operate with information, numerical or otherwise, represented in a digital form. Such computers process data into a digital value (in 0s and 1s). They give the results with more accuracy and at a faster rate. Hybrid computers incorporate the measuring feature of an analog computer and counting feature of a digital computer. For computational purposes, these computers use analog components and for storage, digital memories are used. According to functionality, Type of computers are classified as : Analog Computer An analog computer (spelt analogue in British English) is a form of computer that uses continuous physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved. Digital Computer A computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented as digits, usually in the binary number system Hybrid Computer (Analog + Digital) A combination of computers those are capable of inputting and outputting in both digital and analog signals. A hybrid computer system setup offers a cost effective method of performing complex simulations. On the basis of Size: Type of Computer Super Computer The fastest and most powerful type of computer Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration. The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently. Mainframe Computer A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts with a simple microprocessor (in watches, for example) at the bottom and moves to supercomputers at the top, mainframes are just below supercomputers. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe. Mini Computer A midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and mainframes. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously. Micro Computer or Personal Computer • Desktop Computer: a personal or micro-mini computer sufficient to fit on a desk. • Laptop Computer: a portable computer complete with an integrated screen and keyboard. It is generally smaller in size than a desktop computer and larger than a notebook computer. • Palmtop Computer/Digital Diary /Notebook /PDAs: a hand-sized computer. Palmtops have no keyboard but the screen serves both as an input and output device. Workstations A terminal or desktop computer in a network. In this context, workstation is just a generic term for a user's machine (client machine) in contrast to a "server" or "mainframe."
Computer architecture and organisations.
Computer Architecture & Organization (CAO) Materials & Notes. CAO Unit Wise Lecture Notes and Study Materials in pdf format for Engineering Students. So all students seeking Computer Architecture & Organization Book for engineering colleges.
Sourav Jha