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E health management
Current Scenario Doctors · There is only one doctor per 1,700 citizens in India; the World Health Organisation (WHO) stipulates a minimum ratio of 1:1,000. While the Union Health Ministry figures claim that there are about 6-6.5 lakh doctors available, India would need about four lakh more by 2020—50,000 for PHCs; 0.8 lakh for community health centres (CHC); 1.1 lakh for 5,642 sub-centres and another 0.5 lakh for medical college hospitals · If shortage of doctors is one problem, their unwillingness to work in the rural hinterland is another, creating artificial scarcity in the area and high concentration in another causing hardship for the rural poor people increasing the out of pocket expenditure. · Surveys of rural healthcare facilities have revealed poor infrastructure, non-availability of medicines, equipment and even the basics. Pharma industry · Can write a whole separate answer but just to give a review a large chunk of medicines still remain out of reach of the common man? Out of pocket expenditure is still as high as 70 %, over that international pressure to dilute the stringent IPR regime of India are points of concern. · Nearly 4 cr people are in debt because of out of pocket expenditure. · Generic medicines are highly underrated in country where doctors sometime prescribe expensive medicine. Medical devices industry · The industry is still nascent stage of development from 2000-12 pharma industry received 10 billion dollars of FDI whereas this industry didn't even receive 2 % of it. The situation is problematic. · The government has recently announced 100% FDI in medical devices industry but still this industry imports a lots of devices making it expensive for the doctors to implement them and this is ultimately a burden on the consumer at the end. Statistics of health conditions in India The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death. It was developed in the 1990s as a way of comparing the overall health and life expectancy of different countries. Future of Indian health sector The Indian healthcare industry is all set to grow to over USD 280 billion by 2020, which is a growth of over ten times from 2005. Following are the factors depending on which future of health sector can be determined: Conducive demographics: While the population growth rate for India has steadily gone down, it is still at over 1.3 percent and is not expected to go below one percent in the near future. Also, it is interesting to note that our population aged above 60 years is projected to grow to around 193 million, compared with over 96 million in 2010. This change in the population pyramid is expected to fuel the demand for healthcare in general, particularly lifestyle diseases. Rising affordability: In the past decade, India has witnessed a rapid increase in levels of wealth and disposable incomes. Coupled with a better standard of living and health awareness, this has led to an increase in spending on healthcare and wellness. Increase in lifestyle diseases: Lifestyle-related diseases comprised 13 percent of total ailments in India, according to a 2008 data, and this number is expected to increase to 20 percent by 2018. This is expected to trigger an additional demand for specialized treatment, which in turn, will lead to increased margins for hospitals since these diseases lie at the high margin end of the spectrum. E-health management E-Health is the cost effective and secure use of information and communication technologies in support of the health and health related fields including healthcare, health surveillance and health education, knowledge and research. A set of technological themes in health today, more specifically based on commerce, activities, stake holders, outcomes, locations, or perspectives. One thing that all sources seem to agree on is that e-Health initiatives do not originate with the patient, though the patient may be a member of a patient organization. E-health management consists of the following: Electronic Health Records: enabling easy communication of patient data between different healthcare professionals (e.g. GPs, specialists and care team). Lifetime Health Records: aggregation of individual electronic health records capturing longitudinal healthcare events leading to population-based tracking of health trends resulting in prediction and anticipation of hostile disease trends and thus prevention. Telehealth and Telecare: including all types of physical and psychological measurements and remote monitoring that do not require a patient to travel to a specialist. Public Health Education and Information: use of all media channels to inform citizens, both healthy individuals and patients, about medical and health topics and to increase self-help. Personalized Healthcare Professional Continuing Education: dissemination via both the internet and eLearning tools. Health Knowledge Management: specialist-oriented information provision (e.g. an overview of latest medical journals, best practice guidelines or epidemiological tracking). Virtual Healthcare Teams and Wards: healthcare professionals who collaborate and share information on patients, anywhere. Medical Research Using eHealth Grids: powerful computing and data management capabilities to handle large amounts of heterogeneous data. Role of IT in e-health management INTERNET · The role of the Internet in health care information access and delivery is increasing rapidly as evidenced by the fact that 86% of adults with Internet access have used it for health-related information and health queries represent 37% of their total Internet usage. · Consumers (50%) demonstrate significant interest in accessing their own medical information via the Internet as well as describe themselves as likely to switch providers in order to communicate electronically with their physician (33%). · While privacy and information quality present notable risks, the opportunity for e-health technology to improve access to information, reach rural or underserved populations, reduce care delivery costs, and integrate health care services and information is significant. · The role of nursing in this growing e-health market will be best supported if nurses play a role ranging from system architect to expert end-user, all requiring additional basic training and continuing education. • People make better informed choices about their health. MOBILES Mobiles are used for data analysis and collection and as remote monitoring devices. If we look at the different stages of health care processes, we can see that e-health is mainly used during the treatment of patients, especially for self-management activities. It is also used for prevention and diagnosis, although to a lesser extent, whereas it appears rarely used for decision-making and follow-up activities. CLOUD Cloud services let health care providers move storage, data processing and other systems onto the Internet, provided that security and data ownership concerns are addressed. Electronic health records are created and placed in a cloud and accessed by doctors to perform analytical studies. · 83% of IT healthcare organizations are currently using cloud services, 9.3% plan to, and 6% do not intend to adoption cloud-based applications at all with the balance not knowing the plans of their organizations. In aggregate, 92% of healthcare providers now and in the future see the value of cloud services for their organizations. · 67% of IT healthcare organizations are running SaaS-based applications today, with 15.9% running on an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) platform, and 2.4% using Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) applications. Future Scope • Provision of benefits of E-Health services to the masses • Major impact on health professionals as well as on general public • Potential in making the services available at emergency situations as well as at remote and rural areas • Contribution in imparting health education The e-health marketplace industry is expected to benefit from the increase in penetration of mobile internet and arrival of 4G internet services in India. Services that can be provided Teleconsultation Teleconsultation simply means obtaining the professional opinion of a healthcare provider who is not physically present at the location where the patient and/or his primary healthcare provider are. Teleconsultation takes many forms. A doctor at one hospital calling a senior colleague at another hospital to get his opinion regarding a difficult case is practicing one form of teleconsultation. A senior specialist at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, providing live consultation through video-conferencing to a 4-year-old boy with cleft palate and his medical team located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is practicing another form of teleconsultation. Problems in existing Patient Monitoring System · Inefficient supervision · Need of on duty paramedical staff · Lack of health personnel · Insufficient facilities & security PROPOSED SYSTEM RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) A Radio-Frequency IDentification system has three parts: A scanning antenna A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the data A transponder - the RFID tag - that has been programmed with information. The scanning antenna puts out radio-frequency signals in a relatively short range. The RF radiation does two things: It provides a means of communicating with the transponder (the RFID tag) AND It provides the RFID tag with the energy to communicate (in the case of passive RFID tags). This is an absolutely key part of the technology; RFID tags do not need to contain batteries, and can therefore remain usable for very long periods of time (maybe decades). The scanning antennas can be permanently affixed to a surface; handheld antennas are also available. They can take whatever shape you need; for example, you could build them into a door frame to accept data from persons or objects passing through. When an RFID tag passes through the field of the scanning antenna, it detects the activation signal from the antenna. That "wakes up" the RFID chip, and it transmits the information on its microchip to be picked up by the scanning antenna. In addition, the RFID tag may be of one of two types. Active RFID tags have their own power source; the advantage of these tags is that the reader can be much farther away and still get the signal. Even though some of these devices are built to have up to a 10 year life span, they have limited life spans. Passive RFID tags, however, do not require batteries, and can be much smaller and have a virtually unlimited life span. RFID tags can be read in a wide variety of circumstances, where barcodes or other optically read technologies are useless. The tag need not be on the surface of the object (and is therefore not subject to wear) The read time is typically less than 100 milliseconds Large numbers of tags can be read at once rather than item by item. More proposed services • Telemedicine kiosks (heavy investments due to high volume and maintenance) • Integration of hospital functionalities; viz. Registration, Admission, Discharge & Transfer (ADT), Laboratory services, Radiology, Blood Bank (specialised customised software) • Alerts for maintaining inventory and alerts for expired and near to expire medicines.