Forests of India
- Tropical Evergreen ForestsAv. Rainfall → Above 200 cm
- Av. Temp. → 24* C
- Found at Hot & Humid areas of India
- Tall & Dense → 45 – 60 m
- Hardwood Forests
- Found at WGs, A & N islands & Eastern India
- Sunrays unable to reach earth surface
- Trees compete & rise high to get sunlight
- Ex. Rubber, Coconut, Ebony, Mahogany, Palms
- Deciduous ForestsAv. Rainfall → 100 -200 cm
- Av. Height → 25 – 45 m
- Shed their leaves in summers due to shortage of water
- Found at Shiwaliks, Ganga valley, WGs, NE India
- Economically very important forests
- Ex. Sal, Teak, Shisham, Sandalwood, Deodar, Mahua
- Tropical dry ForestsAv. Rainfall → 50 – 100 cm
- Less dense & Small in size → 6 – 9 m
- Roots are thick & long to use underground water
- Thick Bark to prevent undue evaporation
- Found at Punjab, Haryana, MP, Eastern Rajasthan, Central Deccan Plateau
- Most of the areas are used for agriculture
- Dwarf Deciduous trees and long- grasses grow in these regions
- Ex. Neem, Shisham, Babul, Pipal, Mango
- Arid or Desert ForestsAv. Rainfall < 50 cm
- Prominent features →Small leaves, Thick Bark, Long Roots
- Indian wild date is common in these deserts
- Found at Western Rajasthan, SW Haryana & Punjab, In some parts of Gujrat
- Ex. Small sized kikar, Babul, Acacia, Bushes & Shrubs
- Tidal ForestsThese forests grow along the coast and on the edges of the deltas
- Famous for Mangrove & Sundari Trees
- Consists of thick Bushes & Ferns
- Known as Halophytes →Tolerant of Salinity
- Found at Sundarbans, A & N Islands, Deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kavery
- Mountain forestsMountain forests vary considerably along the slopes of mountain
- On the foothills of Himalayas, upto a height of 1500 meters, evergreen trees, (Sal, teak, bamboo and cane) grow abundantly.
- On higher slope between 1,500 meters to 3,500 meters, temperate conifer trees (pine, fir, oak, maple, deodar, laurel spruce, cedar) grow.
- At the higher altitude of the Himalayas, rhododendrons and junipers are found.
- Beyond these vegetation belts, alpine grasslands appear up to snowfield
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