capability of one's senses for observing the environment, especially the sense of vision. An elementary form of radar consists of a transmitting antenna emitting electromagnetic radiation generated by an oscillator of some sort, a receiving antenna, and an energy-detecting device, or receiver. A portion of the transmitted signal is intercepted by a reflecting object (target) and is reradiated in all directions. It is the energy reradiated in the back direction that is of prime interest to the radar. The receiving antenna collects the returned energy and delivers it to a receiver, where it is processed to detect the presence of the target and to extract its location and relative velocity. The distance to the target is determined by measuring the time taken for the radar signal to travel to the target and back. The direction, or angular position, of the target may be determined from the direction of arrival of the reflected wave- front. The usual method of measuring the direction of arrival is with narrow antenna beams. If relative motion exists between target and radar, the shift in the carrier frequency of the reflected wave (Doppler Effect) is a measure of the target's relative (radial) velocity and may be used to distinguish moving targets from stationary objects. In radars which continuously track the movement of a target, a continuous indication of the rate of change of target position is also available. 1.2 History Background James Clerk Maxwell (1831 –1879) - predicted the existence of radio waves in his theory of electromagnetism. In 1886, Hertz experimentally tested the theories of Maxwell and demonstrated the similarity between radio and light waves. Hertz showed that radio waves could be reflected itself. Heinrich Hertz, in 1886, experimentally tested the theories of Maxwell and demonstrated the similarity between radio and light waves. Hertz showed that radio waves could be reflected by metallic and dielectric bodies. Due to these reflections occurred through metallic bodie