Knowledge in Innovation
ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM
Today, due to the increase in the vehicles, there is a lot of gathering of the traffic at the toll booths. The main reason for this traffic at the toll booths is due to the manual working of the toll tax collection at the booths. Each vehicle on an average needs to stop at the toll booth for about a minute for the payment of the toll tax. In order to decrease this traffic we decided to work on the construction of a project which reduces the manual work and hence increases the vehicle speed passing by the toll booth. Also we decided to develop a project which allows the vehicles just to pass through the booth without stopping as a result reducing the traffic gathering at the toll collecting booths.
Vishnu Vardan
HEARTBEAT MEASUREMEENT BY A FINGER TIP USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
This project is designed to measure heart beat (pulse count), by using embedded technology. In this project simultaneously it can measure and monitor the patient's condition. This project describes the design of a simple, low-cost controller based wireless patient monitoring system. Heart rate of the patient is measured from the thumb finger using IRD (Infra Red Device sensor).
measurement of pressure
Pressure measurement is the analysis of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per unit of surface area. Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure and display pressure in an integral unit are called pressure meters or pressure gauges or vacuum gauges. A manometer is a good example, as it uses the surface area and weight of a column of liquid to both measure and indicate pressure. Likewise the widely used Bourdon gauge is a mechanical device, which both measures and indicates and is probably the best known type of gauge. A vacuum gauge is a pressure gauge used to measure pressures lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure, which is set as the zero point, in negative values (e.g.: −15 psig or −760 mmHg equals total vacuum). Most gauges measure pressure relative to atmospheric pressure as the zero point, so this form of reading is simply referred to as "gauge pressure". However, anything greater than total vacuum is technically a form of pressure. For very accurate readings, especially at very low pressures, a gauge that uses total vacuum as the zero point may be used, giving pressure readings in an absolute scale. Other methods of pressure measurement involve sensors that can transmit the pressure reading to a remote indicator or control system (telemetry).
Subham Bera