boiling heat transfer
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species, either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer. While these mechanisms have distinct characteristics, they often occur simultaneously in the same system. Heat conduction, also called diffusion, is the direct microscopic exchange of kinetic energy of particles through the boundary between two systems. When an object is at a different temperature from another body or its surroundings, heat flows so that the body and the surroundings reach the same temperature, at which point they are in thermal equilibrium. Such spontaneous heat transfer always occurs from a region of high temperature to another region of lower temperature, as described in the second law of thermodynamics. Heat convection occurs when bulk flow of a fluid (gas or liquid) carries heat along with the flow of matter in the fluid. The flow of fluid may be forced by external processes, or sometimes (in gravitational fields) by buoyancy forces caused when thermal energy expands the fluid (for example in a fire plume), thus influencing its own transfer. The latter process is often called "natural convection". All convective processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well. Another form of convection is forced convection. In this case the fluid is forced to flow by use of a pump, fan or other mechanical means. Thermal radiation occurs through a vacuum or any transparent medium (solid or fluid or gas). It is the transfer of energy by means of photons in electromagnetic waves governed by the same laws.[1]
Subham Bera
hot wire anemomelies
it is hot wire anemomelis.
ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL PROCESS
In a scientific sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. Such a chemical process can occur by itself or be caused by an outside force, and involves a chemical reaction of some sort. In an "engineering" sense, a chemical process is a method intended to be used in manufacturing or on an industrial scale (see Industrial process) to change the composition of chemical(s) or material(s), usually using technology similar or related to that used in chemical plants or the chemical industry.
SUMMATION DELTA
In the Calculus of Limits, the Poisson Summation Formula holds under unnecessary conditions. Using Delta function, and Periodic Delta Functions, we present here an Infinitesimal Calculus proof, that is free of unnecessary conditions. Then, we apply the formula to a particular series.
centrifugal seperation
Centrifugal separation can be regarded as an extension of gravity separation, as the settling rates of particles are increased under the influence of centrifugal force. It can, however, be used to separate emulsions which are normally stable in a gravity field.Centrifugal separation can be performed either by hydrocyclones or centrifuges. The simplicity and cheapness of the hydrocyclone (Chapter 9) make it very attractive, although it suffers from restrictions with respect to the solids concentration that can be achieved and the relative proportions of overflow and underflow into which the feed may be split
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
The field of chemical engineering is undergoing a global “renaissance,” with new processes, equipment, and sources changing literally every day. It is a dynamic, important area of study and the basis for some of the most lucrative and integral fields of science. Introduction to Chemical Engineering offers a comprehensive overview of the concept, principles and applications of chemical engineering. It explains the distinct chemical engineering knowledge which gave rise to a general-purpose technology and broadest engineering field.
CRUSHERS AND GRIENDERS
A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, sand or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated. Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by mechanical advantage through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each other.
CRUSHERS AND GRIENDERS
A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, sand or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated. Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by mechanical advantage through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each other.
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD
Space-time models usually rely on the multi-group neutron diffusion equations. Independent variables include time, group energies, and one to three position coordinates. Various methods have been developed to solve the equations.Finite difference methods use discrete approximations to the space derivatives. This results in a set of ordinary differential equations that can be solved numerically. See Appendix F for a description of the finite difference method
BIO-FUELS
AS THE SMARTEST TECHNOLOGIES CONTINUE TO DELIVER BENEFITS, THIS INCLUDES THE POSITIVE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND AN IMPROVED ECONOMY. ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS WHY WE NEED BIO-FUEL IS THAT IT CAN BE USED IN TODAY'S ENGINE. IT CAN BE STORED, BURNED AND PUMPED THE AS WAY AS THE PETROLEUM DIESEL FUEL.ENERGY SECURITY IS THE MOST CONSTANT SUPPLY THAT IS AVAILABLE AND AFFORDABLE FOR CONSUMERS AS WELL AS THE INDUSTRY. INCREASING THE INVESTMENT OF BIO-FUELS WILL RESULT A BOOST OF GROWTH ECONOMY. THAT MEANS THERE WILL BE MORE JOBS AND SOURCES OF INCOME FOR FARMERS IN THE INDUSTRY.
SEMESTER (6TH) QUESTION AND ANSWERS OF PROCESS CONTROL
THERE ARE THE FEW 6TH SEMESTER (CHAPTER PROCESS CONTROL) QUESTIONS GIVEN TO YOU. ANSWERS ARE ATTACHED TO IT. HOPE, YOU WILL UNDERSTAND IT IF THE CHAPTER STUDIED CAREFULLY.
A COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION TO WATER FOOTPRINY
WATER FOOT-PRINT MEANS VOLUME OF FRESH WATER USED TO PRODUCE A PRODUCT, SUMMED OVER THE VARIOUS PRODUCT CHAIN. IT MEASURES THE CONSUMPTION AND CONTAMINATION OF FRESH WATER.EXCEPT WATER FOOT PRINT, THERE ARE ANOTHER KIND OF FOOT PRINTS LIKE ECOLOGICAL,CARBON, NITROGEN FOOT PRINTS WHICH ARE NOT DISCUSSED HERE. FOR MORE INFORMATION, THERE ARE REFERENCES INCLUDED HERE. YOU CAN GO THROUGH IT.