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Block Chain Technology
Blockchain in a nutshell for the uninitiated.
The Finance Club, IIM Kashipur
REGULATION
FINANCE REGULATION AND COMPLIANCE ISSSUES
deepak singh
Nostoc and oscillatoria
Nostoc and oscillatoria are both cyanobacteria They are the only algae that have prokaryotic cells and they also do photosynthesis Main keywords reproduction, vegetative structures etc
Jatin Hemnani
Upsc p
Upsc iesmains paper 1
Yogendra Singh
construction technology and equipments
safety measures in construction technology and equipments
Sumit mantri
JavaScript Arrays
JavaScript ArraysJavaScript arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable.Examplevar cars = ["Saab", "Volvo", "BMW"];What is an Array?An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value at a time.If you have a list of items (a list of car names, for example), storing the cars in single variables could look like this:var car1 = "Saab";var car2 = "Volvo";var car3 = "BMW";However, what if you want to loop through the cars and find a specific one? And what if you had not 3 cars, but 300?The solution is an array!An array can hold many values under a single name, and you can access the values by referring to an index number.Creating an ArrayUsing an array literal is the easiest way to create a JavaScript Array.Syntax:var array_name = [item1, item2, ...]; Examplevar cars = ["Saab", "Volvo", "BMW"];
Jay Kakadiya
Hindi Vigyaapan maadhyam ke anya roop.
Chart showing Hindi Vigyaapan maadhyam ke anya roop.
Kirtika Surolia
Ebags_case_Analysis
Situational Analysis: Company: · ebags – an online luggage and travel products store was launched in March of 1999 by Nordmark, Peter, Eliott, Frank and Andy. · By 2004, eBags was largest online provider of bags and accessories with over 200 brands and 8000 products. · It had sold over 2.5mn bags and had been consistently profitable company. · Motivation:To reduce the fragmented luggage market and bring customer closer to manufacturer by making wide range of products on online store. · Current product lines: Bags, Business cases, Hand bags and back packs · Business Model: It has adopted “drop and ship model” where the inventory was managed by manufacturer and eBags receives order from customer and sends it to vendor who then ships the product directly to customer. Due to this model, holding costs have been reduced. Moreover, eBags’ offered product breadth, selection and convenience. Also started private label brand to cater to price conscious customers where it has inventory based model. · Operations Model: eBags maintained a system called “eBags partner network system” which helped in high degree of transparency between it and vendors. Inventory levels were updated on real time basis in it by vendor so that only orders can be made only for available products. Also incorporated “vendor scorecard system” that helped ine valuating vendor’s performance. Customers: · Luggage industry: In 1980s, luggage became a status symbol. In 2000s, it was seen for utility purpose as international business travel exploded in new global economy. · Footwear industry: Consumer market was divided into 3 segments: womens, men’s and children’s. Personal consumption of footwear was 15% of total apparel spending with women spending 80% more than men. In early 2000s, consumer price sensitivity increased. · European Market: Customers are craving for variety and people interest across the country varies. Like, Germans like functionality, French and Italian like style, color and seasonality, British look for mix of function, value and quality. 190mn internet users exist in Europe. Context: · Luggage industry: The US luggage industry is fragmented with wide range of products and producers. High end of market consisted of branded products. Low end of market consisted of private label and unbranded products. · Footwear Market: In 2003, footwear industry is 3 times larger than luggage and travel industry. It is also fragmented industry like footwear. The market was also seasonal with peak sales during Back-to-school, Christmas and Easter periods. · European Market: European luggage market is highly fragmented. Most European retailers are small, family run stores with limited selling hours and less diverse products. Competitors: · Luggage market: Few competitors exist with significant market shares like Samsonite, American Tourister, JanSport and Eastpak. Retail market is also fragmented with retailers ranging from department stores, discount stores and manufacturer owned stores. · Footwear Market: Nike, Jones Apparel, Reebok, Timberland and Brown shoe. Among these, no one holds market share more than 8%. Problem Definition: In the present scenario, competition has increased to due to other e-commerce companies like Amazon etc and the business is almost in the saturated form. For future sustenance, company needs to adopt a growth strategy. Now, the business is facing problem of whether to go for geographic expansion or for product expansion i.e whether to expand into European market or to enter into footwear product. Each strategy is posing with a separate set of challenges. Alternatives available for expansion: 1> Expansion into US Domestic footwear industry 2> Expansion into European Luggage Industry The Evaluation of Alternatives can be done based on the following criteria (The current business is also evaluated along with other options to establish a comparison): Criteria US Luggage business US Footwear business European Luggage business Market Size $1.28 billion in 2000 $40.7 billion in 2003 $17 billion in 2004 Industry Type Fragmented Fragmented and Seasonal Fragmented Price Competition No Yes May be yes Breadth of products requirement Yes Yes Yes Customer Loyalty - High - Any New Acquisition requirement No Need a new acquisition May be No Problem with Company Name No Yes No Challenge of acquiring Relationship with Vendors Absent Absent Present Divergence in requirements by customers Low Low High (Varies from country to country) Languauge Barrier No No Yes Online Usage Exists Exists Very High Product return rates(pertaining to the trial requirement) Low(6-7%) Very High(25%) Probably Low Comparative Data by Product Category (Exhibit 5) Product Category Avg. Purchase Frequency Avg.Return Cost(%) Sum Model Count Sum SKU Count Avg.Selling Price Avg.Gross Margin Product Life cycle Product return rate Bags(All) 1.11 14.26 4029 9305 $55.60 48.4% 3.45 years 7% Shoes 1.23 9.87 3123 92218 $68.00 48% 0.25-0.5 years 25% Calculation: Considering AverageReturn cost is calculated as a percentage of Cost : Ø Shoes: Selling Price = $68.00 Gross margin = 48% So, Cost Price = $35.36 Product return probability = 25% Cost incurred in returning back = 9.87% * $35.36 = $3.49 Ø Bags: Selling Price = $55.60 Gross margin = 48.4% So, Cost Price = $28.6 Product return probability = 7% Cost incurred in returning back = 14.26% * $28.6 = $4.07 · Though the cost of return per bag is higher, the frequency of returns is higher for footwear Way Ahead: eBags should expand its Business into the European market. Reasons why it should expand its Business into the European market: · eBags would have an edge as a first mover as most of the bag retailers were small family run stores that offered less diverse product line · International travel had increased, and customers were not satisfied – High demand available in the European market · eBags has the capacity to cater to their wide breadth and depth demand of bags in terms of functionality, design, colour etc. · Increased levels of internet users in Europe – 190 million Internet users in Europe vs the 165 million Internet users in US · The internet usage rate in Europe also is increasing at an internet penetration rate of 50% - Internet users would not drop, that increases the potential for eBags · Untapped European market space – eBags could build significant relationships with European vendors as no online retailer has done so(first mover advantage again) · This could effectively enhance their distribution channel and reduce fragmentation – an opportunity for them to gain more loyal customers in addition to better opportunities of private labeling · Challenges like language barriers with packaging and labeling, shipping requirements, brand awareness, maintaining interfaces and web page administration are all costs while a business goes global that should not been seen as a hindrance · The average gross margin is 0.4% more for expansion into Europe rather than Reasons why it should NOTgo for a product extension into footwear: · Brand name would get diluted – eBags as a company that sells footwear can confuse customers; Changing the name in accordance can dilute the brand awareness that is present for eBags currently · Footwear has high returns - This would increase their shipping and transaction costs · Higher returns could also mean an inventory pile up which is totally against eBags’s strategy – Supply chain management would get more complicated · The cost price per unit of shoes are higher compared to that of bags- The high returns that might result in inventory pile up might result in lesser flexibility in cash flows · Lesser flexibility in cash flows can hinder eBags from providing seasonal discounts and offers ( as part of cost cutting) that can attract more customers · Footwear industry is already highly competitive and fragmented – If brand is not established in terms of footwear, the brand awareness of eBags might also fall · The customers of footwear are price conscious people and those who prefer to try their shoes before buying – The result of this is high returns observed in footwear Plan B: In order to capitalize on the expected rapid expansion of online retailing in Europe, eBags planned on considering business expansion into Europe. However there are a lot of challenges involved in bringing the eBags business model overseas. Language barriers associated with packaging and labeling and currency exchange issues, shipping requirements, brand awareness, maintaining the EPN interface, and Web page administration seem to pose problems in gaining trust among customers. Although private label brand might lead to increased gross margins to the retailers it has a problem that it does not get advertised nationally and so the brand recognition might be extremely low. As a contingency plan, e-bags shall joint venture with another company who is already an established player there and therefore gain brand awareness and consumer trust with its private labels. Private labelsare generally perceived as better price/value to the consumer. The joint venture can further help in problems like taxes and other local rules and regulations, language barriers and other cultural differences that might dictate consumer tastes and preferences. Following up with the trends of the European market for a few years initially as a joint venture will help e-Bags to use the online store economics and sell bags through e-commerce in the coming years. This model would further reduce reliance of e-Bags on its suppliers of the drop ship model. Through a highly personalized value-added service, critical parts of the customer information can be stored on eBag’s database. Further, this will enable marketing correspondence and better targeting of product and service offerings.
Keerthi Naidana
Mathematics 2 Unit differential equations (normal and method of variation)
These documents contains questions with solution of differential equations topics named, normal distribution and variation of parameters.
Pradhumn Sharma
Sound pressure and intensity levels
Appropriate and accurate data,printed study material. Sound pressure and intensity levels.
shubhangi Gupta
Sales Force Structure
Sales Force Structure
Rohit Garg
RLC model questions
Model questions of electrical for first year btech students.
Umer Rayyan Ali
Faults and its types
Campus ambassador Gourav patel svits
Kirti Porwal
The Subtle internal meanings
In terms of my interests that was an important piece for me to write, because it was really trying to engage with those questions of loss and also drawing on psychoanalytic tools of enquiry. I suppose now my own method or way of thinking doesn't abandon those types of questions, but I'm more interested in how the artwork itself does that. That the artwork itself is a kind of theoretical proposition, and you can think those sorts of questions without necessarily drawing on that kind of apparatus any more than in a socio-historical or formalist way. In this show what's been important for me is that I've been working on Hesse for a long time, and these objects have always been there, have always been incredibly intriguing, but you don't actually know what they are. In most art history you think you know what the object of your enquiry is, but what are these things? A lot of them are between preparatory stuff, and finished work - very much in limbo. Some of it might be debris of the studio or spare parts. To me they throw down the gauntlet, and say, 'let's get back to first principles', how do you even describe these things? So in a way the impulse behind the exhibition is to lay out these works to say - these are precarious works. This is because of the materials that they use and that's very important - part of their visceral effect - that-s why they-re bodily, why they-re precarious. But their conceptual status is as precarious. What we make of them and how small things like this can have a big visceral effect, to me, says a lot about what art is and what art does to us. Why is it that these small things have that kind of effect? That's why I wanted to do this exhibition, and it's my way of writing a book about Hesse - through these really raw experimental works, not simply to fetishise them or say 'here are a whole lot of new Hesses', but on the contrary, to think about what the object of art is. Here we have an artist taking real risks with the object of art. They've always been called 'Test Pieces' and I find that problematic. This is much more the language of industry. It's much more minimalist - test pieces, prototypes, all that kind of language - when they are so organic and textural and so on. But in the end maybe if they test anything out, they test our capacity to see them as art objects. That is a big shift in my own way of thinking, not just about Hesse's work but a range of contemporary artist's work. I've written a lot recently about Gabriel Orozco's working tables, for example. I see this work through the lens of contemporary artists, and the reason that I really wanted this show at the Fruitmarket, is that it is a public space that shows contemporary art. Rather than have it in a big museum, where it is going to look like we are adding to oeuvre of the canonical artist - we wanted that confrontation with the contemporary.
VIVEK PANT
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION
A GPS receiver placed in a car can receive signals from these satellites and will calculate the exact location of the car in terms of latitude and longitude. This data can be sent to owner’s computer that can monitor the location. A GSM modem can be integrated into this project for providing security and remote control. The current location of the car can be found out by sending an SMS. The car can also be disabled by sending an SMS.
Vishnu Vardan
Arrow publishing and printing
Report on Arrow publishing and printing
Mayank Verma